基于遥感和GIS的黄土高原中阳县土壤侵蚀评价   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王晓慧  陈永富  陈尔学  雒艳兰 《山地学报》2011,29(4)

黄土高原地区是我国水土流失最严重的地区,定量评价土壤侵蚀量、土壤侵蚀强度及其空间分布特征,可以为水土流失防治措施的制定提供依据.基于遥感和GIS,应用修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)对山西中阳县土壤侵蚀进行评价.结果表明,中阳县平均土壤侵蚀模数为2 874.25t/(km2·a),属于中度侵蚀地区,年平均土壤侵蚀量408.78×104 t.发生中度以上土壤侵蚀面积占总面积的29.95％,土壤侵蚀量占总侵蚀量的85.61％,这部分土地是土壤侵蚀防治的主要区域.黄土区发生轻度以上土壤侵蚀面积大,所占比例多,侵蚀程度严重.微度土壤侵蚀面积以有林地为主,轻度和中度土壤侵蚀面积主要是未成林造林地和灌木林地,发生强烈以上土壤侵蚀面积主要是疏林地、未利用地、灌木林地和农田,土地类型、植被覆盖与土壤侵蚀有着密切关系,林业生态工程建设对于中阳县控制水土流失和改善生态环境有着重要作用.  相似文献   

Siltation analysis in the Neyyar reservoir and forest degradation in its catchment: a study from Kerala state, India     

D. S. Suresh Babu  V. Nandakumar  B. John  B. K. Jayaprasad  S. V. Pramod 《Environmental Geology》2000,39(3-4):390-397

 Impact of catchment erosion and the resultant reservoir siltation from a tropical environment is reported here to discuss the effect of a reservoir in the natural degradation of an evergreen-forested segment. While an area of 8.01 km² has been affected by direct inundation at the full reservoir level, another 2.6 km² area once under thick forest cover, had also lost its identity over the last 38 years by indirect degradation. This zone mainly falls in the confluence of tributaries, namely Neyyar and Mullayar, with the reservoir. The capacity of the reservoir was found to be reduced by 28.8 Mm³ during this period and the annual average loss is calculated as 0.75 Mm³ (0.71%), indicating the intensity of erosion from the catchment zone. In case the proposed upper dam in the reservoir comes into existence, an additional area of 2.4 km² from the virgin forest would be submerged and more area would face degradation around the inundated zone. Received: 29 July 1998 · Accepted: 16 November 1998  相似文献   

淤泥质、粉沙质及沙质海岸航道回淤统一计算方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘家驹 《海洋工程》2012,30(1):1-7

根据20世纪80年代初提出的淤泥质海岸航道回淤计算方法的基础上,开展了拓展研究,使之统一适用于淤泥质海岸、粉沙质海岸及沙质海岸。主要研究内容有,在波浪和潮流综合作用下挟沙力含沙量研究中引入了特定的泥沙因子F1/F,从而挟沙力含沙量公式不仅适用于淤泥质泥沙,也适用于非淤泥质泥沙;在动力因素方面,除了一般寻常潮和波浪动力外,进一步考虑了风暴潮和破波的巨大掀沙能力造成航道骤淤的可能性。并结合连云港30万吨级主航道扩建及徐圩港区10万吨级航道的回淤问题(包括骤淤可能性问题),京唐港外航道和黄骅港外航道的骤淤问题,进行预测计算及校验计算,结果都是良好的。此外,对杭州湾强潮和涌潮情况下的挟沙力含沙量也进行了校验计算,结果也非常满意。  相似文献   

辽河流域土壤碳密度分布特征和碳储量研究     

于成广  杨晓波  刘明华  王丹阳  王大鹏 《地质与资源》2011,20(4):272-277

基于辽河流域多目标地球化学调查取得的土壤表层和深层有机碳和全碳数据,探讨辽河流域土壤碳储量计算方法,分析辽河流域碳密度的分布特征.对辽河流域5.23×10⁴ km²土壤碳储量计算表明,深层（0~1.8 m）土壤碳储量为860.50×10⁶ t,中层（0~1.0 m）为538.30×10⁶ t,表层（0~0.2 m）为138.76×10⁶ t;辽河流域土壤深层碳密度为16.45×10³ t/km²,中层为10.28×10³ t/km²,表层为2.65×10³ t/km².分别根据土壤类型、地质单元、生态系统和土地利用类型的划分方式计算土壤的碳储量,为土壤碳循环研究与环境效应评价提供了科学依据.  相似文献   

On harbour siltation in the fresh-salt water mixing region     

Michel A.J. de Nijs  Johan C. Winterwerp  Julie D. Pietrzak 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

In this paper a novel series of field measurements are presented, which are the first to elucidate the processes influencing siltation in Botlek Harbour. Botlek Harbour is situated at the limit of saline water intrusion in the Rotterdam Waterway. Normally, after the ebb tide fresher river waters are found in the Rotterdam Waterway at the location of Botlek Harbour. On the flooding tide, the tip of the salt wedge is advected along the Rotterdam Waterway towards the mouth of Botlek Harbour. Hence on flood, a lock-exchange mechanism operates between Botlek Harbour and the Rotterdam Waterway. On the flood tide, when there is a supply of suspended particulate matter (SPM) associated with the presence of the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) at the mouth of the harbour, the survey data show exchange of SPM into the harbour. This lock-exchange process is found to be the dominant cause for SPM transport into the harbour. This is further substantiated by an analysis of the mass transport mechanisms. In this analysis, the vertical profiles of the instantaneous velocity, salinity and SPM concentration fields, recorded during the surveys, were decomposed into advective and dispersive transport components. The results of this analysis indicate that the correlation between the lock-exchange mechanism on the flood tide with the availability of SPM for exchange and efficient trapping, dominate the total exchange of SPM (97%). Hence, the increase in measured near-bed SPM concentration within the harbour is ascribed to tidal advection of saline water and the ETM along the Rotterdam Waterway. Tidal advection controls the density difference between the estuary and harbour, as well as the availability of SPM for exchange at the entrance to Botlek Harbour. The location of the ETM at the tip of the salt wedge is a key factor in supplying SPM to Botlek Harbour. Consequently the timing of the availability of SPM at the mouth of the harbour needs to be considered in siltation studies. The survey data suggest that Botlek Harbour basin has a 100% trapping efficiency. Analysis of 5 months of data, from a measuring rig located within the harbour, show excursions of the limit of the salt wedge and ETM. These excursions are likely to affect siltation of upstream harbours. Salinity-induced density gradients control the transport and subsequent trapping of SPM in the estuary in close proximity to the harbour entrance, the exchange of SPM between the estuary and harbour, and the trapping of SPM in the harbour basin.  相似文献   

云南降水中稳定同位素变化的模拟和比较   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

章新平  关华德  孙治安  孙广禄  张新主  吴华武 《地理科学》2012,(1):121-128

利用MUGCM的模拟,云南地区日、月、年时间尺度下降水中稳定同位素的变化、降水量效应以及δD/δ18O之间的关系被分析。无论是在日时间尺度下还是在月、年时间尺度下,降水同位素均存在显著的降水量效应。与实测结果相比,模拟的降水中δ18O与降水量之间具有更强的相关性。对于单站而言,蒙自站和腾冲站的大气水线被较好地模拟。但在思茅站和昆明站,模拟结果未能准确再现实际降水中δD与δ18O的关系,模拟的大气水线斜率比实测结果偏高。这意味着,在云南这个特殊的地区,模式可能高估了HDO的贫化。  相似文献   

麦哲伦戈沃罗夫盖特平顶海山钴结壳资源评价     

程永寿  姜效典  宋士吉  孙思军  余佳 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,45(6):1642-1656

为能科学、快速量化地圈定出大洋海山钴结壳优质矿区,笔者基于国际海底管理局提出的矿区选取模型,利用我国西太平洋海山钴结壳资源调查的公开的拖网采样资料,综合钴结壳的分布规律和证据权法所得海山钴结壳资源预测后验概率图,将西太平洋麦哲伦海山区戈沃罗夫盖特平顶海山圈定为钴结壳资源前景较好的远景区,并采用人机交互式的矿区圈定方法圈定出符合国际海底管理局规章要求的7个群组共100个钴结壳矿块。据此估算出戈沃罗夫盖特平顶海山湿结壳资源量为69 487.6×10⁴ t;圈定的100个矿块主要分布在2 000~3 000 m斜坡上,湿结壳资源量为14 092×10⁴ t,干结壳资源量为9 789.35×10⁴ t;锰金属量为1 961.3×10⁴ t,铜金属量为10.17×10⁴ t,钴金属量为54.06×10⁴ t,镍金属量为34.87×10⁴ t。这些数据表明,戈沃罗夫盖特平顶海山规模较大,钴结壳资源前景潜力大,可作为钴结壳深入调查和矿区申请备选海山。  相似文献   

开敞式滩海油田保滩促淤工程研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

蒲高军  张日向  廖绍华 《海岸工程》2005,24(2):20-29

分析了飞雁滩油田海区的海洋环境条件,试验研究了不同结构型式潜堤的稳定性和保滩促淤效果,对潜堤的保滩促淤效果和淤积速率进行了预测,对工程布置、潜堤结构方案、基础冲刷防护措施和潜堤顶高程提出了建议．  相似文献   

伸展构造拉张量计算方法的适用性分析及在琼东南盆地的应用     

张迎朝  汪伟  甘军  尹宏伟  朱继田  张佳星  熊小峰  贾东  郭明刚 《高校地质学报》2019,25(5):730

文章将三种以面积平衡为原理的几何学方法应用在物理模拟拉张实验中,对比三种方法的结果与模型设计参数间的 误差,讨论了三种方法的优缺点和适用范围。其中层长守恒方法需要假设在构造变形过程中层长保持不变,通过曲线拉直 可以恢复构造各阶段拉张量和拉张总量。利用面积守恒可以计算拉张构造中滑脱层深度,面积深度法允许构造变形过程中 层长和层厚的变化,多个构造前沉积地层的面积深度拟合直线可以反映构造整体拉张量和滑脱层深度。面积守恒法在已知 构造滑脱层位置的基础上,通过同构造沉积地层可以计算出拉张活动不同阶段拉张量变化和拉张总量。结合琼东南长昌凹 陷剖面特征,面积守恒法是计算其拉张量变化最准确又有效的方法,面积守恒法应用结果确定过长昌凹陷剖面在岭头组、 崖城组和陵水组沉积阶段的拉张量分别为13.8 km、15 km和21.4 km,拉张总量为50.2 km,拉张率为42.7%。三种方法在物 理模拟实验和琼东南盆地中的应用结果表明,在伸张构造中由于剪切变形作用,基于面积守恒的方法优于层长守恒的方 法。面积深度法利用构造前沉积地层的几何形态来预测构造整体拉张量和滑脱层深度,面积守恒法可以利用同构造沉积地 层和已知的滑脱层位置来预测拉张构造整体的拉张量和不同阶段的拉张量变化。  相似文献   

丰镇井水位变化与降雨量的关系研究     

丁风和  哈媛媛 《华南地震》2012,32(1):35-40

在结合丰镇井区域水文地质条件的基础上,分析了井水位变化与降雨量的关系。研究结果表明：开展水位（年初值、年末值、年极大值、年极小值、年际变幅和极值变幅）与年降雨量的关系研究,对区域震情的跟踪和判定具有十分重要意义。  相似文献